Cell Cycle Analysis

The cell cycle profile of a sample can be determined by staining the DNA with a fluorescent dye and measuring its intensity. The dye stains DNA stoichiometrically, allowing differentiations of cells in G0/G1, S phase, and G2/M, as well as identification of aneuploid populations. A variety of staining protocols can be adapted for different sample types, but the general analysis remains the same.
Updated 7/29/24

File: Cell-cycle-analysis.pdf

Compensation Beads

Compensation beads offer a variety of benefits. The most obvious of these is that they allow you to save more of your cells for your experimental conditions rather than controls. Additionally, compensation beads stain more brightly and uniformly than cells, allowing for easy compensation of colors that may be only on rare events in the cells sample. Importantly, compensation beads can be used with the same antibodies you use for your experiment ensuring a perfect fluorochrome match.
Updated 9/18/17

File: Flow_TechNotes_Compensation-Beads-Tech-Note_20170918.pdf

cRGD-functionalized, DOX-conjugated, and 64Cu-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for targeted anticancer drug delivery and PET/MR imaging

Yang et al.
Multifunctional and water-soluble superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanocarriers were developed for targeted drug delivery and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) dualmodality
imaging of tumors with integrin avb3 expression. An anticancer drug was conjugated onto the PEGylated SPIO nanocarriers via pH-sensitive bonds. Tumor-targeting ligands, cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (c(RGDfC)) peptides, and PET 64Cu chelators, macrocyclic 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N, N0, N00-triacetic acid (NOTA), were conjugated onto the distal ends of the PEG arms. The effectiveness of the SPIO nanocarriers as an MRI contrast agent was evaluated via an in vitro r2 MRI relaxivity measurement. cRGD-conjugated SPIO nanocarriers exhibited a higher level of cellular uptake than cRGD-free ones in vitro. Moreover, cRGD-conjugated SPIO nanocarriers showed a much higher level of tumor accumulation than cRGD-free ones according to non-invasive and quantitative PET imaging, and ex vivo biodistribution studies. Thus, these SPIO nanocarriers demonstrated promising properties for combined targeted anticancer drug delivery and PET/MRI dual-modality imaging of tumors.

File: Yang_et_al.pdf

Deficient Import of Acetyl-CoA into the ER Lumen Causes Neurodegeneration and Propensity to Infections, Inflammation, and Cancer

Peng et al.
The import of acetyl-CoA into the ER lumen by AT-1/SLC33A1 is essential for the N-lysine acetylation of ER-resident and ER-transiting proteins. A point-mutation (S113R) in AT-1 has been associated with a familial form of spastic paraplegia. Here, we report that AT-1S113R is unable to form homodimers in the ER membrane and is devoid of acetyl-CoA transport activity. The reduced influx of acetyl-CoA into theERlumen results in reduced acetylation ofERproteins and an aberrant form of autophagy. Mice homozygous for the mutation display early developmental arrest. In contrast, heterozygous animals develop to full term, but display neurodegeneration and propensity to infections, inflammation, and cancer. The immune and cancer phenotypes are contingent on the presence of pathogens in the colony, whereas the nervous system phenotype is not. In conclusion, our results reveal a previously unknown aspect of acetyl-CoA metabolism that affects the immune and nervous systems and the risk for malignancies.

File: Peng_et_al.pdf